Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
36 Cl is produced in the atmosphere by spallation of 36 Ar by interactions with cosmic ray protons. In the top meter of the lithosphere, 36 Cl is generated primarily by thermal neutron activation of 35 Cl and spallation of 39 K and 40 Ca. [2] In the subsurface environment, muon capture by 40 Ca becomes more important. [2] The production rates ...
36 Cl is produced in the atmosphere by spallation of 36 Ar by interactions with cosmic ray protons. In the subsurface environment, 36 Cl is generated primarily as a result of neutron capture by 35 Cl or muon capture by 40 Ca. 36 Cl decays to either 36 S (1.9%) or to 36 Ar (98.1%), with a combined half-life of 308,000 years.
Neutrons stabilize the nucleus, because they attract protons, which helps offset the electrical repulsion between protons. As a result, as the number of protons increases, an increasing ratio of neutrons to protons is needed to form a stable nucleus; if too many or too few neutrons are present with regard to the optimum ratio, the nucleus ...
The primary decay mode of isotopes lighter than 35 Cl is electron capture to isotopes of sulfur; that of isotopes heavier than 37 Cl is beta decay to isotopes of argon; and 36 Cl may decay by either mode to stable 36 S or 36 Ar. [42] 36 Cl occurs in trace quantities in nature as a cosmogenic nuclide in a ratio of about (7–10) × 10 −13 to 1 ...
Isotope half-lives. The darker more stable isotope region departs from the line of protons (Z) = neutrons (N), as the element number Z becomes larger. Isotopes are nuclides with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons; that is, they have the same atomic number and are therefore the same chemical element. Isotopes neighbor ...
All elements have multiple isotopes, variants with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. For example, carbon has three naturally occurring isotopes: all of its atoms have six protons and most have six neutrons as well, but about one per cent have seven neutrons, and a very small fraction have eight neutrons. Isotopes are ...
This is a list of chemical elements and their atomic properties, ordered by atomic number (Z).. Since valence electrons are not clearly defined for the d-block and f-block elements, there not being a clear point at which further ionisation becomes unprofitable, a purely formal definition as number of electrons in the outermost shell has been used.
Conversely, if it has more protons than electrons, it has a positive charge, and is called a positive ion (or cation). The electrons of an atom are attracted to the protons in an atomic nucleus by the electromagnetic force. The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are attracted to each other by the nuclear force. This force is usually stronger ...