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Rain scald (also known as dermatophilosis, tufailosis, rain rot or streptothricosis [1]) is a dermatological disease affecting cattle and horses. Once in the skin, the bacterium Dermatophilus congolensis causes inflammation of the skin as well as the appearance of scabs and lesions.
From the Greek derma (skin) + philos (loving), Dermatophilus congolensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic actinomycete, and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. D. congolensis infects the epidermis and produces exudative dermatitis termed dermatophilosis that was previously known as rain rot, rain scald, streptotrichosis, and mycotic dermatitis.
Staphylococcus equorum is a gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.Originally isolated from the skin of healthy horses, this species contains a cell wall similar to that of Staphylococcus xylosus.
Mud fever, also known as scratches or pastern dermatitis, is a group of diseases of horses causing irritation and dermatitis in the lower limbs of horses. Often caused by a mixture of bacteria, typically Dermatophilus congolensis and Staphylococcus spp., mud fever can also be caused by fungal organisms (dermatophytes).
It can heal on its own or can be easily treated with antibiotics the bacteria is susceptible to. [4] In this way it is often a cosmetic issue or a slight discomfort, and is not life threatening like in other species. [4] S. hyicus is almost exclusively seen in lesions and is not a normal part of the healthy equine skin flora. [47]
As vector patterns change with warming temperatures, C. pseudotuberculosis in horses is re-emerging in the United States. [2] This bacterial species has caused occasional cases of infection in people who work closely with infected small ruminants, resulting in similar swellings of the lymph nodes in the neck and groin.
Streptococcus zooepidemicus is a Lancefield group C streptococcus that was first isolated in 1934 by P. R. Edwards, and named Animal pyogens A. [1] It is a mucosal commensal and opportunistic pathogen that infects several animals and humans, but most commonly isolated from the uterus of mares.
Equine lymphangitis is an inflammation or swelling associated with impairment of the lymphatic system, particularly in a limb, in horses. It is most commonly a bacterial infection, although bacterial culture may be negative.