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A SELECT statement retrieves zero or more rows from one or more database tables or database views. In most applications, SELECT is the most commonly used data manipulation language (DML) command. As SQL is a declarative programming language, SELECT queries specify a result set, but do not specify how to calculate it.
However, some extensions which use the PHP extension framework do not expose an API to the PHP developer. The PDO MySQL driver extension, for example, does not expose an API to the PHP developer, but provides an interface to the PDO layer above it. MySQLi is an improved version of the older PHP MySQL driver, offering various benefits. [3]
Major DBMSs, including SQLite, [5] MySQL, [6] Oracle, [7] IBM Db2, [8] Microsoft SQL Server [9] and PostgreSQL [10] support prepared statements. Prepared statements are normally executed through a non-SQL binary protocol for efficiency and protection from SQL injection, but with some DBMSs such as MySQL prepared statements are also available using a SQL syntax for debugging purposes.
Query by Example (QBE) is a database query language for relational databases. It was devised by Moshé M. Zloof at IBM Research during the mid-1970s, in parallel to the development of SQL. [1] It is the first graphical query language, using visual tables where the user would enter commands, example elements and conditions.
They are either reserved (e.g. SELECT, COUNT and YEAR), or non-reserved (e.g. ASC, DOMAIN and KEY). List of SQL reserved words. Identifiers are names on database objects, like tables, columns and schemas. An identifier may not be equal to a reserved keyword, unless it is a delimited identifier.
Database Administration Statements; Utility Statements; For details refer MySQL Transactional statements [4] The grant, revoke syntax are as part of Database administration statementsàAccount Management System. The GRANT statement enables system administrators to grant privileges and roles, which can be granted to user accounts and roles.
As of 21 November 2024 (the day of PHP 8.4's release), PHP is used as the server-side programming language on 75.4% of websites where the language could be determined; PHP 7 is the most used version of the language with 49.1% of websites using PHP being on that version, while 37.9% use PHP 8, 12.9% use PHP 5 and 0.1% use PHP 4. [19]
An ORDER BY clause in SQL specifies that a SQL SELECT statement returns a result set with the rows being sorted by the values of one or more columns. The sort criteria does not have to be included in the result set (restrictions apply for SELECT DISTINCT, GROUP BY, UNION [DISTINCT], EXCEPT [DISTINCT] and INTERSECT [DISTINCT].)