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The parable of the broken window was introduced by French economist Frédéric Bastiat in his 1850 essay "That Which Is Seen, and That Which Is Not Seen" ("Ce qu'on voit et ce qu'on ne voit pas") to illustrate why destruction, and the money spent to recover from destruction, is not actually a net benefit to society.
James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling first introduced the broken windows theory in an article titled "Broken Windows", in the March 1982 issue of The Atlantic Monthly: Social psychologists and police officers tend to agree that if a window in a building is broken and is left unrepaired, all the rest of the windows will soon be broken.
Broken window may refer to: Broken window fallacy , economic theory illustrating why destruction, and the money spent to recover from destruction, is not actually a net benefit to society Broken windows theory , criminological theory of the norm-setting and signaling effect of urban disorder and vandalism on additional crime and anti-social ...
Finally, the art of economics consists of looking not just at the immediate effects of a policy but at its longer-term effects for all groups. [3] Chapter 2, "The Broken Window", uses the example of a broken window to demonstrate what Hazlitt considers the fallacy that destruction can be good for the economy. He argues that while the broken ...
Wilson and George L. Kelling introduced the broken windows theory in the March 1982 edition of The Atlantic Monthly. In an article titled "Broken Windows", they argued that the symptoms of low-level crime and disorder (e.g. a broken window) create an environment that encourages more crimes, including serious ones. [2]
Most business cycle theories focused on a single factor, [9] such as monetary policy or the impact of weather on the largely agricultural economies of the time. [8] Although business cycle theory was well established by the 1920s, work by theorists such as Dennis Robertson and Ralph Hawtrey had little impact on public policy. [11]
In other words, there remains an opportunity cost to the owner of the window, and to society, even if his (or his insurer's) funds were "trapped" in savings and investment. This criticism of the parable of broken window might make more sense if the owner's funds were hidden under his mattress, or some other allegory denoting a zero opportunity ...
In modern contract theory, the “theory of the firm” is often identified with the “property rights approach” that was developed by Sanford J. Grossman, Oliver D. Hart, and John H. Moore. [ 45 ] [ 46 ] The property rights approach to the theory of the firm is also known as the “Grossman–Hart–Moore theory”.