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Prevailing visibility in aviation is a measurement of the greatest distance visible throughout at least half of the horizon, not necessarily continuously. To take the prevailing visibility, controllers reference a number of visual reference points: usually buildings , hills , or other geographic features.
Games behind is calculated by using either of the following formulas, in which Team A is a leading team, and Team B is a trailing team. Example math in this section uses the above standings, with Montreal as Team A and Atlanta as Team B.
Secondary average, or SecA, is a baseball statistic that measures the sum of extra bases gained on hits, walks, and stolen bases (less times caught stealing) depicted per at bat. [1] Created by Bill James , it is a sabermetric measurement of hitting performance that seeks to evaluate the number of bases a player gained independent of batting ...
The location of this particular cell varies depending on the needs of the analysis. For example, a viewshed analysis is commonly used to locate communication towers or determining the view from a road. Viewsheds can be calculated using an individual point such as a tower or multiple points such as a line representing a road.
The calculation requires measurements or observations of distances or angles to reference points whose positions are known. In 2D surveys, observations of three reference points are enough to compute a position in a two-dimensional plane. In practice, observations are subject to errors resulting from various physical and atmospheric factors ...
While most sports have regulation-sized fields, some sports/leagues such as Major League Baseball (MLB) and NCAA Hockey, allow for varying field of play dimensions. The most common example of a park effect is a baseball stadium's batting park factor, but there exists other factors that impact all sports. Every stadium throughout the world has ...
James has noted that there are cases in which his original version of game score does not accurately reflect a pitcher's performance. [3]In a September 2003 article in Baseball Prospectus, Dayn Perry created an updated formula based on the ideas behind defense-independent pitching statistics, named Game Score 2.0.
The visibility from an elevated observation point down to the surface of the sea can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem, since the line of sight and the radius of the Earth form the two legs of a right triangle. The height of the elevated point plus the Earth radius form its hypotenuse. If both the eyes and the object are raised above ...