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[12] [13] [14] The Indonesian language is primarily used in commerce, administration, education and the media, and thus nearly every Indonesian speaks the language to varying degrees of proficiency. [15] Most Indonesians speak other languages, such as Javanese, as their first language. [2] This makes plurilingualism a norm in Indonesia. [15]
The largest non-Japanese, non-native to Japan minority are the Koreans. Bilingual education in Korean language is provided by Korean international schools, more of which are affiliated with Chongryon. Japan has adopted English as the second language, partly because English is one of the most significant global lingua franca owing to ...
Many people in Indonesia are bilingual at an early age. They speak a local native language with their families whereas the official Indonesian language is used to communicate with people from other regions and is taught in schools as a compulsory subject. In Laos, Lao is the official language, but French is understood and used by government.
Native Indonesians, also known as Pribumi (lit. ' first on the soil ' ) or Bumiputra ( lit. ' son on the soil ' ), are Indonesians whose ancestral roots lie mainly in the archipelago and consist of various ethnic groups , predominantly of Austronesian and Melanesian descent.
Over 200 million people regularly make use of the national language, with varying degrees of proficiency. In a nation that is home to more than 700 native languages and a vast array of ethnic groups, it plays an important unifying and cross-archipelagic role for the country.
Unlike in maintenance bilingual education programs, when the child's second language proficiency is deemed satisfactory, they transition to using only that language. [4] This approach is based on the common underlying proficiency model of bilingualism which posits that many of the skills learned in the native language can be transferred easily ...
The Special Region of Yogyakarta [c] is a province-level special region of Indonesia in southern Java. [11] It is a semi-enclave that is surrounded by on the landward side by Central Java Province to the west, north, and east, but has a long coastline on the Indian Ocean to the south.
Statistics for the 27 self-reported spoken languages/dialects reported in the 2011 Census, can be found in the report: Language Use, Proficiency and Attitudes in Hong Kong [3] and for the spoken and written languages in the 2016 By-Census in the report: The Contribution of Minority Languages and Dialects to Hong Kong’s Linguistic Landscape [4]