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Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, [1] which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code in the form of procedures (often known as methods).
The basic building blocks of CLOS are methods, classes, instances of those classes, and generic functions. CLOS provides macros to define those: defclass, defmethod, and defgeneric. Instances are created with the method make-instance.
Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application, system, or business by applying object-oriented programming, as well as using visual modeling throughout the software development process to guide stakeholder communication and product quality.
In software development, an object is an entity that has state, behavior, and identity. [1]: 78 An object can model some part of reality or can be an invention of the design process whose collaborations with other such objects serve as the mechanisms that provide some higher-level behavior.
In object-oriented programming, programs are treated as a set of interacting objects. In functional programming , programs are treated as a sequence of stateless function evaluations. When programming computers or systems with many processors, in process-oriented programming , programs are treated as sets of concurrent processes that act on a ...
The most popular and developed model of OOP is a class-based model, instead of an object-based model. In this model, objects are entities that combine state (i.e., data), behavior (i.e., procedures, or methods) and identity (unique existence among all other objects).
An object-oriented operating system [1] is an operating system that is designed, structured, and operated using object-oriented programming principles.. An object-oriented operating system is in contrast to an object-oriented user interface or programming framework, which can be run on a non-object-oriented operating system like DOS or Unix.
Larman states that "the critical design tool for software development is a mind well educated in design principles. It is not UML or any other technology." [3]: 272 Thus, the GRASP principles are really a mental toolset, a learning aid to help in the design of object-oriented software.