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Onychauxis presents with thickened nails without deformity, and this simple thickening may be the result of trauma, acromegaly, Darier's disease, psoriasis, or pityriasis rubra pilaris, or, in some cases, hereditary. [1]: 783 [2] It may appear as loss of nail palate translucency, discoloration, and subungual hyperkeratosis.
An ingrown nail, also known as onychocryptosis (from Greek: ὄνυξ (onyx) 'nail' and κρυπτÏŒς (kryptos) 'hidden') is a common form of nail disease. It is an often painful condition in which the nail grows so that it cuts into one or both sides of the paronychium or nail bed .
Nail inspection can give hints to the internal condition of the body as well. Nail disease can be very subtle and should be evaluated by a dermatologist with a focus in this particular area of medicine. A nail technician may be the first to note a subtle change in nail health. [2] [3] [4]
Following injection of a local anaesthetic at the base of the toenail and perhaps application of a tourniquet, the surgeon will remove the edge of the nail growing into the flesh and destroy the matrix area with phenol to permanently and selectively ablate the matrix that is producing the ingrown portion of the nail (i.e., the nail margin).
Cleaning under the nail is not recommended as this only serves to separate the nail further. Bandages are also to be avoided. [11] When kept dry and away from further trauma, the nail will reattach from the base upward (i.e., from proximal to distal). The aim of treatment is also to eliminate onychomycosis that is a major cause of onycholysis.
Onychorrhexis (from the Greek words ὄνυχο- ónycho-, "nail" and ῥῆξις rhexis, "bursting"), is a brittleness with breakage of finger or toenails that may result from hypothyroidism, anemia, anorexia nervosa or bulimia, or after oral retinoid therapy. [1]: 786 It can also be seen in melanoma that involves the nail and onychomycosis. [2]
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