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Acetonitrile is used mainly as a solvent in the purification of butadiene in refineries. Specifically, acetonitrile is fed into the top of a distillation column filled with hydrocarbons including butadiene, and as the acetonitrile falls down through the column, it absorbs the butadiene which is then sent from the bottom of the tower to a second separating tower.
The aqueous solution consists of acrylonitrile, acetonitrile, hydrocyanic acid, and ammonium sulfate (from excess ammonia). A recovery column removes bulk water, and acrylonitrile and acetonitrile are separated by distillation. One of the first useful catalysts was bismuth phosphomolybdate (Bi 9 PMo 12 O 52) supported on silica. [11]
Aminoacetonitrile is the organic compound with the formula H 2 N−CH 2 −C≡N.The compound is a colorless liquid. It is unstable at room temperature, owing to the incompatibility of the amine nucleophile and the nitrile electrophile.
Tetramethylguanidine is mainly used as a strong, non-nucleophilic base for alkylations, often as a substitute for the more expensive DBU and DBN. [3] Since it is highly water-soluble, it is easily removed from mixtures in organic solvents. It is also used as a base-catalyst in the production of polyurethane. [4]
It is commonly used to manufacture O-rings for automotive air-conditioning systems. [9] Other applications include timing belts, dampers, servo hoses, membranes, and seals. [10] Depending on filler selection and loading, HNBR compounds typically have tensile strengths of 20–31 MPa at 23 °C.
Human brain growth is most rapid during the third trimester of pregnancy and continues to be rapid to approximately five years of age. [38] During this time, the demand is high for sphingomyelin, which is made from phosphatidylcholine (and thus from choline), because this material is used to myelinate (insulate) nerve fibers . [ 39 ]
Potassium acetate (as a substitute for calcium chloride or magnesium chloride) can be used as a deicer to remove ice or prevent its formation. It offers the advantage of being less aggressive on soils and much less corrosive: [5] for this reason, it is preferred for airport runways although it is more expensive.
As a gel it may be used to adjust the pH of the vagina. [4] It may also be applied to the cervix to help detect cervical cancer during screening. [5] Side effects may include burning at the site of application. [6] Allergic reactions may rarely occur. [6] Use is not recommended in the ear in people who have a hole in the eardrum. [7]