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The Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), alternatively ”Eocene thermal maximum 1 (ETM1)“ and formerly known as the "Initial Eocene" or “Late Paleocene thermal maximum", was a geologically brief time interval characterized by a 5–8 °C global average temperature rise and massive input of carbon into the ocean and atmosphere.
[citation needed] During the PETM, the global mean temperature seems to have risen by as much as 5–8 °C (9–14 °F) to an average temperature as high as 23 °C (73 °F), in contrast to the global average temperature of today at just under 15 °C (60 °F). Geologists and paleontologists think that during much of the Paleocene and early ...
The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum was an approximately 200,000-year-long event where the global average temperature rose by some 5 to 8 °C (9 to 14 °F), [55] and mid-latitude and polar areas may have exceeded modern tropical temperatures of 24–29 °C (75–84 °F). [108]
But the PETM event remains the most studied of the hyperthermic events. Other hyperthermic events occurred at the end of most Quaternary glaciations. Probably the most notable of these is the abrupt warming marking the end of the Younger Dryas, which saw an average annual temperature rise of several degrees in less than a century. [3] [4] [5] [6]
Changes in the layering thickness can be used to determine changes in precipitation or temperature. Oxygen-18 quantity changes (δ 18 O) in ice layers represent changes in average ocean surface temperature. Water molecules containing the heavier O-18 evaporate at a higher temperature than water molecules containing the normal Oxygen-16 isotope ...
Oil prices bounced around quite a bit in 2024. They rallied more than 20% at one point -- topping $85 per barrel -- before cooling off toward the end of the year. Oil was recently below $70 a ...
This strong market position generates substantial cash flows that support shareholder returns. Turning to the specifics, the pharmaceutical giant offers investors a 4.3% dividend yield backed by a ...
The base of the Ypresian Stage is defined at a strong negative anomaly in δ 13 C values at the PETM. The official reference profile for the base of the Ypresian is the Dababiya profile near the Egyptian city of Luxor. [17] Its original type section was located in the vicinity of Ieper.