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A tangential quadrilateral is usually defined as a convex quadrilateral for which all four sides are tangent to the same inscribed circle. Pitot's theorem states that, for these quadrilaterals, the two sums of lengths of opposite sides are the same. Both sums of lengths equal the semiperimeter of the quadrilateral. [2]
Kissing circles. Given three mutually tangent circles (black), there are, in general, two possible answers (red) as to what radius a fourth tangent circle can have. In geometry, Descartes' theorem states that for every four kissing, or mutually tangent, circles, the radii of the circles satisfy a certain quadratic equation. By solving this ...
In trigonometry, the law of tangents or tangent rule [1] is a statement about the relationship between the tangents of two angles of a triangle and the lengths of the opposing sides. In Figure 1, a , b , and c are the lengths of the three sides of the triangle, and α , β , and γ are the angles opposite those three respective sides.
The solution of triangles is the principal purpose of spherical trigonometry: given three, four or five elements of the triangle, determine the others. The case of five given elements is trivial, requiring only a single application of the sine rule. For four given elements there is one non-trivial case, which is discussed below.
By the power-of-a-point theorem, the product of lengths PM · PN for any ray PMN equals to the square of PT, the length of the tangent line segment (red). No tangent line can be drawn through a point within a circle, since any such line must be a secant line. However, two tangent lines can be drawn to a circle from a point P outside of the circle.
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When an equidiagonal kite has side lengths less than or equal to its diagonals, like this one or the square, it is one of the quadrilaterals with the greatest ratio of area to diameter. [21] A kite with three 108° angles and one 36° angle forms the convex hull of the lute of Pythagoras, a fractal made of nested pentagrams. [22]