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G. Murlin Welch, a historian of the territorial period described the Jayhawkers as bands of men that were willing to fight, kill, and rob for a variety of motives that included defense against pro-slavery "Border Ruffians", abolition, driving pro-slavery settlers from their claims of land, revenge, and/or plunder and personal profit. [19]
The 1913 edition of Webster's Dictionary reflects the 19th century understanding of the word ruffian as a "scoundrel, rascal, or unprincipled, deceitful, brutal and unreliable person". Among the first to use the term border ruffian in connection with the slavery issue in Kansas was the Herald of Freedom, a newspaper published in Lawrence ...
Just as had happened in the election of November 1854, "Border Ruffians" from Missouri again streamed into the territory to vote, and proslavery delegates were elected to 37 of the 39 seats—Martin F. Conway and Samuel D. Houston from Riley County were the only Free-Staters elected. Free-Staters loudly denounced the elections as fraudulent.
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The Missouri–Arkansas border had been desolated as well. The Little Rock Arkansas Gazette wrote in August 1866: Wasted farms, deserted cabins, lone chimneys marking the sites where dwellings have been destroyed by fire, and yards, gardens and fields overgrown with weeds and bushes are everywhere within view.
In the bill, a vast new Nebraska Territory was created to extend from Kansas north to the 49th parallel, the US–Canada border. A large portion of Nebraska Territory would soon be split off into Dakota Territory (1861), and smaller portions transferred to Colorado Territory (1861) and Idaho Territory (1863) before the balance of the land ...
Henry Clay Pate, circa 1855. Henry Clay Pate (21 April 1833 [citation needed] – 11 May 1864) was an American writer, newspaper publisher and soldier. A strong advocate of slavery, he was a border ruffian in the "Bleeding Kansas" unrest.
The word "Apache" means "enemies", and was given to them by the Zuni, a Pueblo group. It was adopted by Western settlers as the actual name of the Ndee] (1) In France, the word apache is sometimes used to mean "thug," or "ruffian." [12] (2) In the United States, some people use the analogy, "savage as an Apache." [13] Ape (U.S.) a black person ...