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Deuterium-depleted water has less deuterium (2 H) than occurs in nature at sea level. [1] Deuterium is a naturally-occurring, stable (non-radioactive) isotope of hydrogen with a nucleus consisting of one proton and one neutron. A nucleus of normal hydrogen (protium, 1 H) consists of one proton only, and no neutron.
Thus heavy water as defined by the Gold Book includes semiheavy water (hydrogen-deuterium oxide, HDO) and other mixtures of D 2 O, H 2 O, and HDO in which the proportion of deuterium is greater than usual. For instance, the heavy water used in CANDU reactors is a highly enriched water mixture that is mostly deuterium oxide D
Deuterium occurs in trace amounts naturally as deuterium gas (2 H 2 or D 2), but most deuterium atoms in the Universe are bonded with 1 H to form a gas called hydrogen deuteride (HD or 1 H 2 H). [12] Similarly, natural water contains deuterated molecules, almost all as semiheavy water HDO with only one deuterium.
Semiheavy water is the result of replacing one of the protium (normal hydrogen, 1 H) in normal water with deuterium (2 H; or less correctly, [1] D). [2] It exists whenever there is water with 1 H and 2 H in the mix. This is because hydrogen atoms (1,2 H) are rapidly exchanged between water molecules.
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For water, the condensed phase is more enriched while the vapor is more depleted. For example, rain condensing from a cloud, is heavier than the vapor starting point. Generally, the large variations in deuterium concentration in water are from fractionations between liquid, vapor, and solid reservoirs.
Washing hands frequently and correctly (with soap and water for at least 20 seconds). Avoid sharing their cups and eating utensils with others. Refrain from kissing. Stay at home when sick.