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  2. Sex linkage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_linkage

    Fur color in domestic cats: the gene that causes orange pigment is on the X chromosome; thus a Calico or tortoiseshell cat, with both black (or gray) and orange pigment, is nearly always female. The first sex-linked gene ever discovered was the "lacticolor" X-linked recessive gene in the moth Abraxas grossulariata by Leonard Doncaster. [4]

  3. Genetic linkage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_linkage

    Genetic linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction.Two genetic markers that are physically near to each other are unlikely to be separated onto different chromatids during chromosomal crossover, and are therefore said to be more linked than markers that are far apart.

  4. Complete linkage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_linkage

    The distance between two alleles on a chromosome can be determined by calculating the percentage or recombination between two loci. These probabilities of recombination can be used to construct a linkage map, or a graphical representation of the location of genes and gene in respect to one another. If linkage is complete, there should be no ...

  5. Gene mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_mapping

    There are two distinctive mapping approaches used in the field of genome mapping: genetic maps (also known as linkage maps) [7] and physical maps. [3] While both maps are a collection of genetic markers and gene loci, [8] genetic maps' distances are based on the genetic linkage information, while physical maps use actual physical distances usually measured in number of base pairs.

  6. Hereditary carrier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_carrier

    Gonosomal recessive genes are also passed on by carriers. The term is used in human genetics in cases of hereditary traits in which the observed trait lies on the female sex chromosome, the X chromosome. These are sex-linked genes. The carriers are always women. Women have two homologous sex chromosomes (XX).

  7. Linkage disequilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkage_disequilibrium

    Linkage disequilibrium refers to the association of genes in a population. Linkage, on the other hand, tells us whether genes are on the same chromosome in an individual. There is no necessary relationship between the two. Genes that are closely linked may or may not be associated in populations.

  8. Homologous recombination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_recombination

    Advances in gene targeting technologies which hijack the homologous recombination mechanics of cells are now leading to the development of a new wave of more accurate, isogenic human disease models. These engineered human cell models are thought to more accurately reflect the genetics of human diseases than their mouse model predecessors.

  9. Chromosomal crossover - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal_crossover

    The linked frequency of crossing over between two gene loci is the crossing-over value. For fixed set of genetic and environmental conditions, recombination in a particular region of a linkage structure ( chromosome ) tends to be constant and the same is then true for the crossing-over value which is used in the production of genetic maps .