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  2. Radura - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radura

    The symbol also shows the food being irradiated from above, through the packaging, by ionizing rays, which is represented by the breaks in the upper part of the circle. [2] Initially introduced in the 1960s, the Radura symbol was exclusively used by a food irradiation pilot plant in Wageningen, Netherlands, which held the copyright. Jan ...

  3. Aseptic processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aseptic_processing

    Equipment used in aseptic processing of food and beverages must be sterilized before processing and remain sterile during processing. [1] When designing aseptic processing equipment there are six basic requirements to consider: the equipment must have the capability of being cleaned thoroughly, it must be able to be sterilized with steam, chemicals, or high-temperature water, sterilization ...

  4. Food irradiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_irradiation

    The international Radura logo, used to show a food has been treated with ionizing radiation. A portable, trailer-mounted food irradiation machine, c. 1968 Food irradiation (sometimes American English: radurization; British English: radurisation) is the process of exposing food and food packaging to ionizing radiation, such as from gamma rays, x-rays, or electron beams.

  5. Electron-beam processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-beam_processing

    Electron-beam processing or electron irradiation (EBI) is a process that involves using electrons, usually of high energy, to treat an object for a variety of purposes. This may take place under elevated temperatures and nitrogen atmosphere.

  6. Gamma irradiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_irradiation

    Gamma irradiation is exposure to ionizing radiation with gamma rays. It may also refer to the following processes in particular: Ionizing radiation sterilization; Food irradiation; Gamma knife, used in radiosurgery

  7. Pascalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascalization

    Pascalization, bridgmanization, high pressure processing (HPP) [1] or high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing [2] is a method of preserving and sterilizing food, in which a product is processed under very high pressure, leading to the inactivation of certain microorganisms and enzymes in the food. [3]

  8. Sterilization (microbiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)

    Sterilization can be achieved using electromagnetic radiation, such as ultraviolet light (UV), X-rays, and gamma rays, or irradiation by subatomic particles such as electron beams. [57] Electromagnetic or particulate radiation can be energetic enough to ionize atoms or molecules ( ionizing radiation ), or less energetic atoms or molecules ( non ...

  9. Phytosanitary irradiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytosanitary_Irradiation

    Before approval in the United States, Hawaii petitioned for permission of irradiation on papayas in 1972. [1] The FDA finally approved the use of 1 kGy for use on arthropods in fruits and vegetables in 1986. [1] In that same year, the first case of commercial phytosanitary irradiation occurred with Puerto Rican mangoes imported to the Florida ...