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Microarray analysis has shown bidirectionally paired genes to be co-expressed to a higher degree than random genes or neighboring unidirectional genes. [37] Although co-expression does not necessarily indicate co-regulation, methylation of bidirectional promoter regions has been shown to downregulate both genes, and demethylation to upregulate ...
Mayr's position implied a unidirectional or linear conception of causation for both development and evolution: genotypes cause phenotypes (proximate causation), whilst through natural selection, changes in environments cause changes in organisms (ultimate causation). Reciprocal causation was proposed as an alternative to this linear ...
A replicon is a region of an organism's genome that is independently replicated from a single origin of replication [citation needed].A bacterial chromosome contains a single origin, and therefore the whole bacterial chromosome is a replicon.
The unidirectional flow of energy and the successive loss of energy as it travels up the food web are patterns in energy flow that are governed by thermodynamics, which is the theory of energy exchange between systems.
Diagram showing the general layout of air sacs in a bird. Birds have a system of air sacs in their ventilation system. [2] The air sacs work to produce a unidirectional flow where air enters and exits the lung at the same rate, contrasting the lungs of other tetrapods such as mammals where air enters and exits the lung in a tidal ventilation.
The movement in phloem is multidirectional, whereas, in xylem cells, it is unidirectional (upward). [citation needed] [15] After the growth period, when the meristems are dormant, the leaves are sources, and storage organs are sinks. Developing seed-bearing organs (such as fruit) are always sinks. Because of this multi-directional flow, coupled ...
Later studies revealed the transcription of another type of eRNAs, generated through unidirectional transcription, that were longer and contained a poly A tail. [7] Furthermore, eRNA levels were correlated with mRNA levels of nearby genes , suggesting the potential regulatory and functional role of these non-coding enhancer RNA molecules .
Eukaryotic DNA replication. Eukaryotic DNA replication is a conserved mechanism that restricts DNA replication to once per cell cycle. Eukaryotic DNA replication of chromosomal DNA is central for the duplication of a cell and is necessary for the maintenance of the eukaryotic genome.