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Like many other P-code machines, the UCSD P-Machine is a stack machine, which means that most instructions take their operands from a stack, and place results back on the stack. Thus, the add instruction replaces the two topmost elements of the stack with their sum. A few instructions take an immediate argument.
উইকিশৈশব:ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা রং করি/P; উইকিশৈশব:ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা রং করি/সকল পাতা; Usage on en.wikibooks.org Wikijunior:Classic Alphabet Coloring Book/P; Wikijunior:Classic Alphabet Coloring Book/All Pages; Usage on id.wikibooks.org
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This performance advantage was eroded by the later availability of p-code to native machine code translators, and mainstream 16-bit microprocessors such as the Intel 8086 and Motorola 68000. When details of the MicroEngine were first released, the system accumulated a very large number of pre-orders (for the time).
P-code is an alternative term for bytecode, machine-independent code that achieves independence by targeting a p-code machine, a virtual machine designed for running p-code rather than the intention to emulate any specific hardware architecture.
Joel McCormack is an American computer scientist who designed the NCR Corporation version of the p-code machine, which is a kind of stack machine popular in the 1970s as the preferred way to implement new computing architectures and languages such as Pascal and BCPL.
A revision of the p-code engine (i.e., the p-Machine) meant a change to the p-code language, and therefore compiled code is not portable between different p-Machine versions. Each revision was represented with a leading Roman Numeral, while operating system revisions were enumerated as the "dot" number following the p-code Roman Numeral.
See also Torsten Mohrin's list for the full list of supported code pages) Shorter Microsoft list containing only the ANSI and OEM code pages but with links to more detail on each at the Wayback Machine (archived 2012-10-23) Character Sets And Code Pages At The Push Of A Button; Microsoft Chcp command: Display and set the console active code page