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In mathematics, the Frobenius inner product is a binary operation that takes two matrices and returns a scalar.It is often denoted , .The operation is a component-wise inner product of two matrices as though they are vectors, and satisfies the axioms for an inner product.
The Gram matrix is symmetric in the case the inner product is real-valued; it is Hermitian in the general, complex case by definition of an inner product. The Gram matrix is positive semidefinite, and every positive semidefinite matrix is the Gramian matrix for some set of vectors. The fact that the Gramian matrix is positive-semidefinite can ...
In mathematics, an inner product space (or, rarely, a Hausdorff pre-Hilbert space [1] [2]) is a real vector space or a complex vector space with an operation called an inner product. The inner product of two vectors in the space is a scalar, often denoted with angle brackets such as in , .
This example used the standard inner product, which is the map := ¯, but if a different inner product is used, such as := ¯ where is any Hermitian positive-definite matrix, or if a different orthonormal basis is used then the transformation matrices, and thus also the above formulas, will be different.
In mathematics, a Carleman matrix is a matrix used to convert function composition into matrix multiplication.It is often used in iteration theory to find the continuous iteration of functions which cannot be iterated by pattern recognition alone.
It is often called the inner product (or rarely the projection product) of Euclidean space, even though it is not the only inner product that can be defined on Euclidean space (see Inner product space for more). Algebraically, the dot product is the sum of the products of the corresponding entries of the two sequences of numbers.
In mathematics, and in particular representation theory, Frobenius reciprocity is a theorem expressing a duality between the process of restricting and inducting.It can be used to leverage knowledge about representations of a subgroup to find and classify representations of "large" groups that contain them.
The space of complex-valued class functions of a finite group G has a natural inner product: , := | | () ¯ where () ¯ denotes the complex conjugate of the value of on g.With respect to this inner product, the irreducible characters form an orthonormal basis for the space of class functions, and this yields the orthogonality relation for the rows of the character table: