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The history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The pharaonic period, the period in which Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh, is dated from the 32nd century BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified, until the country fell under Macedonian rule in 332 BC.
The ancient Egyptian military was responsible for defending Egypt against foreign invasion, and for maintaining Egypt's domination in the ancient Near East. The military protected mining expeditions to the Sinai during the Old Kingdom and fought civil wars during the First and Second Intermediate Periods.
Throughout Egyptian history, hieroglyphs were closely associated with elite and religious display. The egyptologist Richard B. Parkinson considers it fitting that the last known use of hieroglyphs is in connection with the image of a deity. [1] The ancient Egyptians sometimes employed non-standard hieroglyphs to produce an early form of ...
Quotations are taken from Christian Jacq, The Living Wisdom of Ancient Egypt. [8] "Great is the Law ." (p. 24) "All conduct should be so straight that you can measure it with a plumb-line." (p. 27) "Injustice exists in abundance, but evil can never succeed in the long run." (p. 32) "Punish with principle, teach meaningfully.
Ancient Egypt – ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BCE (according to conventional Egyptian chronology ) [ 1 ] with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh .
Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals that formed an integral part of ancient Egyptian culture. It centered on the Egyptians' interactions with many deities believed to be present and in control of the world.
Some dynasties only ruled part of Egypt and existed concurrently with other dynasties based in other cities. The 7th might not have existed at all, the 10th seems to be a continuation of the 9th, and there might have been one or several Upper Egyptian Dynasties before what is termed the 1st Dynasty.
Map of northern Egypt showing the location of the Tura quarries, Giza, and the find-spot of the Diary of Merer The Diary of Merer (also known as Papyrus Jarf ) is the name for papyrus logbooks written over 4,500 years ago by Merer, a middle-ranking official with the title inspector ( sḥḏ , sehedj ).