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Dates of independence of African countries. Anticolonialist movements had begun to gain momentum after the close of World War I, which had seen colonial troops fight alongside those of the metropole, and U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's speech on the Fourteen Points. However, it was not until the end of World War II that they were fully mobilised.
World War II (1939-1945). 1941: Atlantic charter Endorsed by all the Allies of World War II; Calls for self-determination. 1941: Foundation of the Viet Minh by Ho Chi Minh. 1941: Syria proclaims its independence from Vichy France, which is recognized in 1944. 1942: Quit India Movement called for by Gandhi on August 9. 1943: Independence of Lebanon.
Germany lost control of most of its colonial empire at the beginning of the First World War in 1914, but some German forces held out in German East Africa until the end of the war. After the German defeat in World War I, Germany's colonial empire was officially confiscated as part of the Treaty of Versailles between the Allies and German Weimar ...
1524: Giovanni da Verrazzano sails along most of the east coast. 1525: Estêvão Gomes enters Upper New York Bay and reaches Nova Scotia [9] [10] 1526: Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón briefly establishes the failed settlement of San Miguel de Gualdape in South Carolina, the first site of enslavement of Africans in North America and of the first slave ...
Before the expansion of early modern European powers, other empires had conquered and colonized territories, such as the Roman Empire in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia. Modern colonial empires first emerged with a race of exploration between the then most advanced European maritime powers, Portugal and Spain, during the 15th century. [2]
The Harmsworth atlas and Gazetter 1908 European colonization map. The world's colonial population at the outbreak of the First World War (1914) – a high point for colonialism – totalled about 560 million people, of whom 70% lived in British possessions, 10% in French possessions, 9% in Dutch possessions, 4% in Japanese possessions, 2% in ...
The French and Indian War took on a new significance for the British North American colonists when William Pitt the Elder decided that major military resources needed to be devoted to North America to win the war against France. For the first time, the continent became one of the main theaters of what could be termed a "world war".
The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970 (2009) excerpt and text search; Darwin, John. Unfinished Empire: The Global Expansion of Britain (2013) Ferguson, Niall. Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power (2002) Gallagher, John, and Ronald Robinson.