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e. Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship with other human activities. Major themes that are dealt with in philosophy of mathematics include: Reality: The question is whether mathematics is a pure product of human mind or whether it has some reality by itself.
Greek mathematics refers to mathematics texts and ideas stemming from the Archaic through the Hellenistic and Roman periods, mostly from the 5th century BC to the 6th century AD, around the shores of the Mediterranean. [1][2] Greek mathematicians lived in cities spread over the entire region, from Anatolia to Italy and North Africa, but were ...
Pythagoras. Pythagoras of Samos[a] (Ancient Greek: Πυθαγόρας; c. 570 – c. 495 BC) [b] was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath, and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, through them, the West ...
Euclid (/ ˈ j uː k l ɪ d /; ‹See Tfd› Greek: Εὐκλείδης; fl. 300 BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. [2] Considered the "father of geometry", [3] he is chiefly known for the Elements treatise, which established the foundations of geometry that largely dominated the field until the early 19th century.
Mathematics regained importance and influenced philosophy as well as science. Mathematics was used by Kepler, Galileo, Descartes, Huygens and Newton to advance physical laws that reflected the inherent order of the universe. Twenty-one centuries after Pythagoreas had taught his disciples in Italy, Galileo announced to the world that "the great ...
e. Foundations of mathematics are the logical and mathematical framework that allows the development of mathematics without generating self-contradictory theories, and, in particular, to have reliable concepts of theorems, proofs, algorithms, etc. This may also include the philosophical study of the relation of this framework with reality.
Archytas (/ ˈɑːrkɪtəs /; Greek: Ἀρχύτας; 435/410–360/350 BC [2]) was an Ancient Greek mathematician, music theorist, [3] statesman, and strategist from the ancient city of Taras (Tarentum) in Southern Italy. He was a scientist and philosopher affiliated with the Pythagorean school and famous for being the reputed founder of ...
Mathematicism. Mathematicism is 'the effort to employ the formal structure and rigorous method of mathematics as a model for the conduct of philosophy', [1] or the epistemological view that reality is fundamentally mathematical. [2] The term has been applied to a number of philosophers, including Pythagoras [3] and René Descartes [4] although ...