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Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes
Early history [ edit ] The original product consisted of powdered sodium hexametaphosphate (amorphous sodium polyphosphate), which, in water, would complex with ambient calcium ions and certain other cations —preventing formation of unwanted salts and interference by those cations with the actions of soap or other detergents .
Quaternary ammonium cation. The R groups may be the same or different alkyl or aryl groups. Also, the R groups may be connected. In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR 4] +, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group [1] or organyl group.
Some cleaners contain water-soluble organic solvents like glycol ethers and fatty alcohols, which ease the removal of oil, fat and paint. Disinfectant additives include quaternary ammonium compounds , phenol derivatives, terpene alcohols ( pine oil ), aldehydes , and aldehyde-amine condensation products.
Softener may refer to: Fabric softener , a conditioner that is typically applied to laundry during the rinse cycle in a washing machine. Stool softener , anionic surfactants that enable additional water and fats to be incorporated in the stool, making it easier for them to move through the gastrointestinal tract.
It is also called n-octanol-water partition ratio. [2] [3] [4] K ow serves as a measure of the relationship between lipophilicity (fat solubility) and hydrophilicity (water solubility) of a substance. The value is greater than one if a substance is more soluble in fat-like solvents such as n-octanol, and less than one if it is more soluble in ...
In the first few minutes of the first “My Big Fat Greek Wedding,” Gus Portokalos, played by the late actor Michael Constantine, is seen using a bottle of Windex on what looks like a pimple or ...
Triglycerides are formed from the esterification of 3 molecules of fatty acids with one molecule of trihydric alcohol, glycerol (glycerine or trihydroxy propane). In the process, 3 molecules of water are eliminated. The word "triglyceride" refers to the number of fatty acids esterified to one molecule of glycerol.