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  2. Ring network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_network

    A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node – a ring. Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet. Rings can be unidirectional, with all traffic travelling either clockwise or anticlockwise ...

  3. Network topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology

    A network's logical topology is not necessarily the same as its physical topology. For example, the original twisted pair Ethernet using repeater hubs was a logical bus topology carried on a physical star topology. Token Ring is a logical ring topology, but is wired as a physical star from the media access unit.

  4. Token Ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Token_Ring

    Token Ring is a physical and data link layer computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It was introduced by IBM in 1984, and standardized in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that is passed around a logical ring of workstations or servers.

  5. Completion of a ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completion_of_a_ring

    Thus π is injective if and only if this intersection reduces to the zero element of the ring; by the Krull intersection theorem, this is the case for any commutative Noetherian ring which is an integral domain or a local ring. There is a related topology on R-modules, also called Krull or I-adic topology.

  6. Topological ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_ring

    Topological ring. In mathematics, a topological ring is a ring that is also a topological space such that both the addition and the multiplication are continuous as maps: [1] where carries the product topology. That means is an additive topological group and a multiplicative topological semigroup. Topological rings are fundamentally related to ...

  7. Ethernet Ring Protection Switching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_Ring_Protection...

    Ethernet Ring Protection Switching (ERPS) is an effort at ITU-T under G.8032 Recommendation to provide sub-50ms protection and recovery switching for Ethernet traffic in a ring topology and at the same time ensuring that there are no loops formed at the Ethernet layer. This ITU-T specification is directly based on and derived from the Ethernet ...

  8. Media Redundancy Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Redundancy_Protocol

    During normal operation, the network works in the Ring-Closed status (Figure 1). In this status, one of the MRM ring ports is blocked, while the other is forwarding. Conversely, both ring ports of all MRCs are forwarding. Loops are avoided because the physical ring topology is reduced to a logical line topology.

  9. Spectrum of a ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_of_a_ring

    Spectrum of a ring. In commutative algebra, the prime spectrum (or simply the spectrum) of a commutative ring R is the set of all prime ideals of R, and is usually denoted by ; [1] in algebraic geometry it is simultaneously a topological space equipped with the sheaf of rings . [2]