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The history of pharmacy has lagged behind other fields in the history of science and medicine, perhaps because primary sources in the field are sparse. [5] Historical inquiries in this area have been few, and unlike the growing number of programs in the history of medicine, history of pharmacy programs remain few in number in the United States. [6]
Plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs), also referred to as pharming, is a sub-sector of the biotechnologyindustry that involves the process of genetically engineering plants so that they can produce certain types of therapeutically important proteinsand associated molecules such as peptides and secondary metabolites.
Pharming. Pharming[a] is a cyberattack intended to redirect a website 's traffic to another, fake site by installing a malicious program on the victim's computer in order to gain access to it. [citation needed] Pharming can be conducted either by changing the hosts file on a victim's computer or by exploitation of a vulnerability in DNS server ...
Blood substitute. A blood substitute (also called artificial blood or blood surrogate) is a substance used to mimic and fulfill some functions of biological blood. It aims to provide an alternative to blood transfusion, which is transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into another. Thus far, there are no well-accepted oxygen ...
The British Society for the History of Pharmacy (BSHP) is an organisation in the United Kingdom devoted to the history of pharmacy. [1] It was established in 1967, [2] although its roots date to 1952, when the Council of the Pharmaceutical Society established a history of pharmacy committee. The society has published a journal, Pharmaceutical ...
Born on 6 August 1881 at Lochfield farm near Darvel, in Ayrshire, Scotland, Alexander Fleming was the third of four children of farmer Hugh Fleming and Grace Stirling Morton, the daughter of a neighbouring farmer. Hugh Fleming had four surviving children from his first marriage. He was 59 at the time of his second marriage to Grace, and died ...
1942 – gramicidin S, the first peptide antibiotic. 1942 – sulfadimidine. 1943 – sulfamerazine. 1944 – streptomycin, the first aminoglycoside [2] 1947 – sulfadiazine. 1948 – chlortetracycline, the first tetracycline. 1949 – chloramphenicol, the first amphenicol [2] 1949 – neomycin. 1950 – oxytetracycline.
Biopharmaceutical. A biopharmaceutical, also known as a biological medical product, [1] or biologic, is any pharmaceutical drug product manufactured in, extracted from, or semisynthesized from biological sources. Different from totally synthesized pharmaceuticals, they include vaccines, whole blood, blood components, allergenics, somatic cells ...