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  2. Memorandum of association - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum_of_association

    Memorandum of association. The memorandum of association of a company is an important corporate document in certain jurisdictions. It is often simply referred to as the memorandum. In the UK, it has to be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the process of incorporation of a company. It is the document that regulates the company's ...

  3. Articles of association - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articles_of_association

    Articles of association are critical documents to corporate operations, as they may regulate both internal and external affairs. [1] Articles of incorporation, also referred to as the certificate of incorporation or the corporate charter, is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

  4. Memorandum of understanding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding

    Memorandum of understanding. A memorandum of understanding (MoU) is a type of agreement between two (bilateral) or more (multilateral) parties. It expresses a convergence of will between the parties, indicating an intended common line of action. [1] It is often used either in cases where parties do not imply a legal commitment or in situations ...

  5. Liquidated damages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidated_damages

    v. t. e. Liquidated damages, also referred to as liquidated and ascertained damages (LADs), [1] are damages whose amount the parties designate during the formation of a contract [2] for the injured party to collect as compensation upon a specific breach (e.g., late performance). [3] This is most applicable where the damages are intangible.

  6. Property Rules, Liability Rules and Inalienability: One View ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_Rules,_Liability...

    Property Rules, Liability Rules and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral is an article in the scholarly legal literature (Harvard Law Review, Vol.85, p. 1089, April 1972), authored by Judge Guido Calabresi (of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit) and A. Douglas Melamed, currently a professor at Stanford Law School.

  7. Joint and several liability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_and_several_liability

    Joint and several liability can make a defendant liable for the full amount of damages suffered by a plaintiff even if that defendant bears only slight fault for the injury. For example, if a child is injured due to the negligence of a crossing guard employed by a school district, and a court finds the crossing guard to be 99% at fault for the ...

  8. Limited liability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited_liability

    Limited liability is a legal status in which a person's financial liability is limited to a fixed sum, most commonly the value of a person's investment in a corporation, company or joint venture. If a company that provides limited liability to its investors is sued, then the claimants are generally entitled to collect only against the assets of ...

  9. List of legal abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_legal_abbreviations

    L.Ed — Lawyers' Edition. L.Ed.2d — Lawyers 2nd Edition. LJ – Postnominals of a Lord or Lady Justice of Appeal (United Kingdom) LJJ – Postnominals of Lords or Ladies Justice of Appeal, plural (United Kingdom) LL.B. – Legum Baccalaureus — Bachelor of Laws. LLC — Limited liability company. LL.D. – Legum Doctor — Doctor of Law.