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  2. Degrees of freedom (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom...

    Degrees of freedom (statistics) In statistics, the number of degrees of freedom is the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary. [1] Estimates of statistical parameters can be based upon different amounts of information or data. The number of independent pieces of information that go into the estimate of a ...

  3. Chi-squared distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_distribution

    Approximate formula for median (from the Wilson–Hilferty transformation) compared with numerical quantile (top); and difference (blue) and relative difference (red) between numerical quantile and approximate formula (bottom). For the chi-squared distribution, only the positive integer numbers of degrees of freedom (circles) are meaningful.

  4. Dunnett's test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnett's_test

    Dunnett's test's calculation is a procedure that is based on calculating confidence statements about the true or the expected values of the differences , thus the differences between treatment groups' mean and control group's mean. This procedure ensures that the probability of all statements being simultaneously correct is equal to a specified ...

  5. Standard deviation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation

    A larger population of N = 10 has 9 degrees of freedom for estimating the standard deviation. The same computations as above give us in this case a 95% CI running from 0.69 × SD to 1.83 × SD. The same computations as above give us in this case a 95% CI running from 0.69 × SD to 1.83 × SD.

  6. Manifold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifold

    In mathematics, a manifold is a topological space that locally resembles Euclidean space near each point. More precisely, an -dimensional manifold, or -manifold for short, is a topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of -dimensional Euclidean space.

  7. Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom_(physics...

    In physics and chemistry, a degree of freedom is an independent physical parameter in the formal description of the state of a physical system. The set of all states of a system is known as the system's phase space, and the degrees of freedom of the system are the dimensions of the phase space. The location of a particle in three-dimensional ...

  8. Welch–Satterthwaite equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welch–Satterthwaite_equation

    Welch–Satterthwaite equation. In statistics and uncertainty analysis, the Welch–Satterthwaite equation is used to calculate an approximation to the effective degrees of freedom of a linear combination of independent sample variances, also known as the pooled degrees of freedom, [1][2] corresponding to the pooled variance.

  9. Einstein field equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_field_equations

    v. t. e. In the general theory of relativity, the Einstein field equations (EFE; also known as Einstein's equations) relate the geometry of spacetime to the distribution of matter within it. [1] The equations were published by Albert Einstein in 1915 in the form of a tensor equation [2] which related the local spacetime curvature (expressed by ...