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Kangaroo mother care (KMC), [1] which involves skin-to-skin contact (SSC), is an intervention to care for premature or low birth weight (LBW) infants. The technique and intervention is the recommended evidence-based care for LBW infants by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2003. [1][2] In the 2003 WHO Kangaroo Mother Care practical ...
The Apgar score is a quick way for health professionals to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth and in response to resuscitation. [1] It was originally developed in 1952 by an anesthesiologist at Columbia University, Virginia Apgar, to address the need for a standardized way to evaluate infants shortly after birth. [2]
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE), previously known as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (neonatal HIE or NHIE), is defined as a encephalopathy syndrome with signs and symptoms of abnormal neurological function, in the first few days of life in an infant born after 35 weeks of gestation. [1][2] In this condition there is difficulty initiating ...
Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature below 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) in humans. [ 2 ] Symptoms depend on the temperature. In mild hypothermia, there is shivering and mental confusion. In moderate hypothermia, shivering stops and confusion increases. [ 3 ] In severe hypothermia, there may be hallucinations and paradoxical undressing, in ...
Targeted temperature management (TTM) previously known as therapeutic hypothermia or protective hypothermia is an active treatment that tries to achieve and maintain a specific body temperature in a person for a specific duration of time in an effort to improve health outcomes during recovery after a period of stopped blood flow to the brain. [1]
Gray baby syndrome (also termed gray syndrome or grey syndrome) is a rare but serious, even fatal, side effect that occurs in newborn infants (especially premature babies) following the accumulation of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. [1] Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that has been used to treat a variety of bacteria infections ...
Pediatrics. Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are those who are smaller in size than normal for the gestational age. SGA is most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. [1] SGA predicts susceptibility to hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and polycythemia. [2] By definition, at least 10% of all newborns ...
Perinatal asphyxia (also known as neonatal asphyxia or birth asphyxia) is the medical condition resulting from deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant that lasts long enough during the birth process to cause physical harm, usually to the brain. It remains a serious condition which causes significant mortality and morbidity.
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