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  2. Scanning electron microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscope

    M. von Ardenne's. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with atoms in the sample, producing various signals that contain information about the surface topography and composition of the sample.

  3. Microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopy

    Microscopy. Scanning electron microscope image of pollen (false colors) Microscopic examination in a biochemical laboratory. Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). [1]

  4. Optical microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_microscope

    Optical microscope. The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century.

  5. Point spread function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_spread_function

    By virtue of the linearity property of optical non-coherent imaging systems, i.e., . Image(Object 1 + Object 2) = Image(Object 1) + Image(Object 2). the image of an object in a microscope or telescope as a non-coherent imaging system can be computed by expressing the object-plane field as a weighted sum of 2D impulse functions, and then expressing the image plane field as a weighted sum of the ...

  6. Transmission electron microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron...

    The polio virus is 30 nm in diameter. [1] Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons ...

  7. Fluorescence microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_microscope

    A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope that uses fluorescence instead of, or in addition to, scattering, reflection, and attenuation or absorption, to study the properties of organic or inorganic substances. [ 1 ][ 2 ] "Fluorescence microscope" refers to any microscope that uses fluorescence to generate an image, whether it is a ...

  8. Scanning tunneling microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_tunneling_microscope

    A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a type of scanning probe microscope used for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. Its development in 1981 earned its inventors, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, then at IBM Zürich, the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. [1][2][3] STM senses the surface by using an extremely sharp conducting tip that can ...

  9. Phase-contrast microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-contrast_microscopy

    Phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image. Phase shifts themselves are invisible, but become visible when shown as brightness variations. When light waves travel through a medium other than a vacuum, interaction ...

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