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  2. Hydrothermal synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_synthesis

    t. e. A synthetic quartz crystal grown by the hydrothermal method. Hydrothermal synthesis includes the various techniques of crystallizing substances from high-temperature aqueous solutions at high vapor pressures; also termed "hydrothermal method". The term "hydrothermal" is of geologic origin. [1] Geochemists and mineralogists have studied ...

  3. Quartz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz

    A synthetic quartz crystal grown by the hydrothermal method, about 19 centimetres (7.5 in) long and weighing about 127 grams (4.5 oz) Not all varieties of quartz are naturally occurring. Some clear quartz crystals can be treated using heat or gamma-irradiation to induce color where it would not otherwise have occurred naturally. Susceptibility ...

  4. Fused quartz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_quartz

    Fused quartz, fused silica or quartz glass is a glass consisting of almost pure silica (silicon dioxide, SiO 2) in amorphous (non- crystalline) form. This differs from all other commercial glasses, such as soda-lime glass, lead glass, or borosilicate glass, in which other ingredients are added which change the glasses' optical and physical ...

  5. Artificial stone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_stone

    Artificial stone. German doorway in cast stone. Artificial stone is a name for various synthetic stone products produced from the 18th century onward. Uses include statuary, architectural details, fencing and rails, building construction, civil engineering work, and industrial applications such as grindstones .

  6. Engineered stone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineered_stone

    Engineered stone. Engineered stone is a composite material made of crushed stone bound together by an adhesive to create a solid surface. The adhesive is most commonly polymer resin, with some newer versions using cement mix. This category includes engineered quartz (SiO 2), polymer concrete and engineered marble stone. [1]

  7. Silicon dioxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_dioxide

    Quartz glass is a form of intermediate state between these structures. [11] All of these distinct crystalline forms always have the same local structure around Si and O. In α-quartz the Si–O bond length is 161 pm, whereas in α-tridymite it is in the range 154–171 pm.

  8. Rutile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutile

    Rutile is a common accessory mineral in high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic rocks and in igneous rocks. Thermodynamically, rutile is the most stable polymorph of TiO 2 at all temperatures, exhibiting lower total free energy than metastable phases of anatase or brookite. [7] Consequently, the transformation of the metastable TiO 2 ...

  9. Gemstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

    Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including (clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...

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