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[2] [3] An important open mathematics problem solved in the early 21st century is the Poincaré conjecture. Open problems exist in all scientific fields. For example, one of the most important open problems in biochemistry is the protein structure prediction problem [4] [5] – how to predict a protein's structure from its sequence.
List of unsolved problems may refer to several notable conjectures or open problems in various academic fields: Natural sciences, engineering and medicine [ edit ]
The question is whether or not, for all problems for which an algorithm can verify a given solution quickly (that is, in polynomial time), an algorithm can also find that solution quickly. Since the former describes the class of problems termed NP, while the latter describes P, the question is equivalent to asking whether all problems in NP are ...
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
13. Impossibility of the solution of the general equation of 7th degree by means of functions of only two arguments. 14. Proof of the finiteness of certain complete systems of functions. 15. Rigorous foundation of Schubert's enumerative calculus. 16. Problem of the topology of algebraic curves and surfaces. 17. Expression of definite forms by ...
Hilbert's 16th problem was posed by David Hilbert at the Paris conference of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1900, as part of his list of 23 problems in mathematics. [1] The original problem was posed as the Problem of the topology of algebraic curves and surfaces (Problem der Topologie algebraischer Kurven und Flächen).
In point-set topology, Kuratowski's closure-complement problem asks for the largest number of distinct sets obtainable by repeatedly applying the set operations of closure and complement to a given starting subset of a topological space. The answer is 14. This result was first published by Kazimierz Kuratowski in 1922. [1]
Open set, closed set. Clopen set; Closure (topology) Boundary (topology) Dense (topology) G-delta set, F-sigma set; closeness (mathematics) neighbourhood (mathematics) Continuity (topology) Homeomorphism; Local homeomorphism; Open and closed maps; Germ (mathematics) Base (topology), subbase; Open cover; Covering space; Atlas (topology)