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Another common example is the reaction of a primary amine or secondary amine with a carboxylic acid or with a carboxylic acid derivative to form an amide. This reaction is widely used, especially in the synthesis of peptides. On the simple addition of an amine to a carboxylic acid, a salt of the organic acid and base is obtained.
Amine. In chemistry, amines (/ ə ˈ m iː n, ˈ æ m iː n /, [1] [2] UK also / ˈ eɪ m iː n / [3]) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.Formally, amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH 3), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group [4] (these may respectively be called alkylamines ...
In organic chemistry, the Mannich reaction is a three-component organic reaction that involves the amino alkylation of an acidic proton next to a carbonyl (C=O) functional group by formaldehyde (H−CHO) and a primary or secondary amine (−NH 2) or ammonia (NH 3). [1] The final product is a β-amino-carbonyl compound also known as a Mannich base.
The Gabriel synthesis is a chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines.Traditionally, the reaction uses potassium phthalimide. [1] [2] [3] The reaction is named after the German chemist Siegmund Gabriel.
The Hofmann rearrangement (Hofmann degradation) is the organic reaction of a primary amide to a primary amine with one less carbon atom. [1] [2] [3] The reaction involves oxidation of the nitrogen followed by rearrangement of the carbonyl and nitrogen to give an isocyanate intermediate.
For example, reaction of 1-bromooctane with ammonia yields almost equal amounts of the primary amine and the secondary amine. [3] Therefore, for laboratory purposes, N-alkylation is often limited to the synthesis of tertiary amines. An exception is the amination of alpha-halo carboxylic acids that do permit synthesis of primary amines with ...
The Eschweiler–Clarke reaction (also called the Eschweiler–Clarke methylation) is a chemical reaction whereby a primary (or secondary) amine is methylated using excess formic acid and formaldehyde. [1] [2] Reductive amination reactions such as this one will not produce quaternary ammonium salts, but instead will stop at the tertiary amine ...
Many alkyl amines are produced industrially by the amination of alcohols using ammonia in the presence of solid acid catalysts. Illustrative is the production of tert-butylamine: NH 3 + CH 2 =C(CH 3) 2 → H 2 NC(CH 3) 3. The Ritter reaction of isobutene with hydrogen cyanide is not useful in this case because it produces too much waste. [1]