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Patanjali (Sanskrit: पतञ्जलि, IAST: Patañjali, Sanskrit pronunciation: [pɐtɐɲdʑɐli]; also called Gonardiya or Gonikaputra) [a] was an author, mystic and philosopher in ancient India. He is believed to be an author and compiler of a number of Sanskrit works. [3] The greatest of these are the Yoga Sutras, a classical yoga text.
Mahabhashya (Sanskrit: महाभाष्य, IAST: Mahābhāṣya, IPA: [mɐɦaːbʱaːʂjɐ], "Great Commentary"), attributed to Patañjali, is a commentary on selected rules of Sanskrit grammar from Pāṇini's treatise, the Aṣṭādhyāyī, as well as Kātyāyana's Vārttika-sūtra, an elaboration of Pāṇini's grammar.
Statue of Patañjali, its traditional snake form indicating kundalini or an incarnation of Shesha. The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali (IAST: Patañjali yoga-sūtras) is a compilation "from a variety of sources" [1] of Sanskrit sutras on the practice of yoga – 195 sutras (according to Vyāsa and Krishnamacharya) and 196 sutras (according to others, including BKS Iyengar).
A Sanskrit text, it is one of eleven Yoga Upanishads attached to the Atharvaveda, [3] and one of twenty Yoga Upanishads in the four Vedas. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is listed at number 41 in the serial order of the Muktika enumerated by Rama to Hanuman in the modern era anthology of 108 Upanishads. [ 6 ]
Shloka or śloka (Sanskrit: श्लोक śloka, from the root श्रु śru, lit. ' hear ' [1] [2] in a broader sense, according to Monier-Williams's dictionary, is "any verse or stanza; a proverb, saying"; [3] but in particular it refers to the 32-syllable verse, derived from the Vedic anuṣṭubh metre, used in the Bhagavad Gita and many other works of classical Sanskrit literature.
Shaucha (Sanskrit: शौच, romanized: Śauca) literally means purity, cleanliness, and clearness. [1] It refers to purity of mind, speech and body. [2] Shaucha is one of the niyamas of Yoga. [3] It is discussed in many ancient Indian texts such as the Mahabharata and Patanjali's Yoga Sutras. It is a virtue in Hinduism and Jainism. [4]
Samyama is defined in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali verses 3.1 through 3.6 as follows where the Sanskrit in Devanagari and IAST were sourced from Little [7] and the English from Iyengar (1993: pp. 178–183): [2]
The translation and meaning of the Mantra can be understood when the context in which the Mantra is quoted in the Upanishad is known. Prior understanding of Vedanta is essential for translation and explanation of these Mantra. The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad explains Consciousness and it in this context that this Shanti Mantra needs to be understood.