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Copper at red heat (300-400°C) combines directly with chlorine gas, giving (molten) copper(II) chloride. The reaction is very exothermic. [8] [15] Cu(s) + Cl 2 (g) → CuCl 2 (l) A solution of copper(II) chloride is commercially produced by adding chlorine gas to a circulating mixture of hydrochloric acid and copper. From this solution, the ...
The alkoxide ion is a strong base so the proton is transferred from the carboxylic acid to the alkoxide ion, creating an alcohol: saponification part III. In a classic laboratory procedure, the triglyceride trimyristin is obtained by extracting it from nutmeg with diethyl ether. Saponification to the soap sodium myristate takes place using NaOH ...
Aluminium chloride may be formed via a single displacement reaction between copper(II) chloride and aluminium. 2 Al + 3 CuCl 2 → 2 AlCl 3 + 3 Cu In the US in 1993, approximately 21,000 tons were produced, not counting the amounts consumed in the production of aluminium.
Another possibility is an inorganic flux composed of zinc chloride or tin(II) chloride, [21] ammonium chloride, and a fluoride (e.g. sodium fluoride). Presence of silicon in the alloy impairs the flux effectivity, as silicon does not undergo the exchange reaction aluminium does.
The reaction typically employs a strong Lewis acid, such as aluminium chloride as catalyst, to increase the electrophilicity of the alkylating agent. [6] This reaction suffers from the disadvantage that the product is more nucleophilic than the reactant because alkyl groups are activators for the Friedel–Crafts reaction. Consequently ...
A number of aluminium-containing raw materials can be used, including aluminium metal, alumina trihydrate, aluminium chloride, aluminium sulfate and combinations of these. The products can contain byproduct salts, such as sodium / calcium / magnesium chloride or sulfate .
The Barbier reaction is an organometallic reaction between an alkyl halide (chloride, bromide, iodide), a carbonyl group and a metal. The reaction can be performed using magnesium , aluminium , zinc , indium , tin , samarium , barium or their salts.
The main use of copper(I) chloride is as a precursor to the fungicide copper oxychloride. For this purpose aqueous copper(I) chloride is generated by comproportionation and then air-oxidized: [12] Cu + CuCl 2 → 2 CuCl 4 CuCl + O 2 + 2 H 2 O → Cu 3 Cl 2 (OH) 4 + CuCl 2. Copper(I) chloride catalyzes a variety of organic reactions, as