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Palm oil block showing the lighter color that results from boiling. Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of oil palms. [1] The oil is used in food manufacturing, in beauty products, and as biofuel. Palm oil accounted for about 36% of global oils produced from oil crops in 2014. [2]
Palm kernel oil is an edible plant oil derived from the kernel of the oil palm tree Elaeis guineensis. [1] It is related to two other edible oils: palm oil , extracted from the fruit pulp of the oil palm, and coconut oil , extracted from the kernel of the coconut.
Palm oil formed the basis of soap products, such as Lever Brothers' (now Unilever) "Sunlight", and B. J. Johnson Company's (now Colgate-Palmolive) "Palmolive," [8] and by around 1870, palm oil constituted the primary export of some West African countries. [9] In 1780, Carl Wilhelm Scheele demonstrated that fats were derived from glycerol.
Palm kernel cake. Palm kernel cake is a high-fibre, medium-grade protein feed best suited to ruminants. [3] [4] Among other similar fodders, palm kernel cake is ranked a little higher than copra cake and cocoa pod husk, [5] but lower than fish meal and groundnut cake, especially in its protein value.
LCA has been applied to assess the environmental impact of production of oil palm seedlings, [100] oil palm fresh fruit bunches, [101] crude palm oil, [101] crude palm kernel oil [101] and refined palm oil. [102] The assessment on downstream industries such as bio-diesel, [103] was also conducted.
Palm oil, very popular for biofuel, but the environmental impact from growing large quantities of oil palms has recently called the use of palm oil into question. [157] Peanut oil, used in one of the first demonstrations of the Diesel engine in 1900. [148] Radish oil. Wild radish contains up to 48% oil, making it appealing as a fuel. [158]
Palm stearin is the solid fraction of palm oil that is produced by partial crystallization at controlled temperature. [1] It is a stearin in the sense of stearins and oleins being the solid and liquid fractions respectively of fats and oils; not in the sense of glyceryl tristearate .
These applications use sodium palmitate, which is commonly obtained by saponification of palm oil. To this end, palm oil, rendered from palm trees (species Elaeis guineensis), is treated with sodium hydroxide (in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups, yielding glycerol and sodium palmitate.