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Fortress Europe (German: Festung Europa) was a military propaganda term used by both sides of World War II which referred to the areas of Continental Europe occupied by Nazi Germany, as opposed to the United Kingdom across the Channel.
German fortresses (German: Festungen or Fester Platz, lit. ' fixed place '; called pockets by the Allies) during World War II were bridgeheads, cities, islands and towns designated by Adolf Hitler as areas that were to be fortified and stocked with food and ammunition in order to hold out against Allied offensives.
Limes Moesiae - defensive frontier system in Southeast Europe, a collection of Roman fortifications between the Black Sea shore and Pannonia, present-day Hungary, consisting primarily of forts along the Danube (so-called Danubian Limes) to protect the Roman provinces of Upper and Lower Moesia south of the river
The Atlantic Wall (German: Atlantikwall) was an extensive system of coastal defences and fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along the coast of continental Europe and Scandinavia as a defence against an anticipated Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe from the United Kingdom, during World War II.
The Forts and Fortifications of Europe 1815–1945: The Neutral States: The Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland. Pen and Sword. ISBN 9781783463923. Kaufmann, J E; Jurga, Robert M (2002). Fortress Europe: European Fortifications of World War II. Da Capo. ISBN 978-0306811746. Romanych, Marc; Rupp, Martin (2013).
Operation Astonia was the code name for an Allied attack on the German-held Channel port of Le Havre in France, during the Second World War.The city had been declared a Festung (fortress) by Hitler, to be held to the last man.
In February 1923, Allen left the fortress, and the first U.S. occupation of European territory was over. [3] After January 1923, Ehrenbreitstein was occupied by the French Army. [4] During World War II, the fortress served as a place of safekeeping for archives and cultural objects (1943–56) but also harbored three flak guns (1943–1945).
Königstein Fortress in 2008. Königstein Fortress (German: Festung Königstein), the "Saxon Bastille", is a hilltop fortress near Dresden, in Saxon Switzerland, Germany, above the town of Königstein on the left bank of the River Elbe. It is one of the largest hilltop fortifications in Europe and sits atop the table hill of the same name.