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This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
In the table above, it can be seen that water is the most polar-solvent, followed by DMSO, and then acetonitrile. Consider the following acid dissociation equilibrium: HA ⇌ A − + H + Water, being the most polar-solvent listed above, stabilizes the ionized species to a greater extent than does DMSO or Acetonitrile.
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. The "(s)" notation indicates temperature of solid/vapor equilibrium. Otherwise the data is temperature of liquid/vapor equilibrium. log 10 of Acetonitrile vapor pressure.
Gas properties Std enthalpy change ... Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. ... Vapor-liquid Equilibrium of Acetone/Methanol [4] P ...
The best known of these is the ternary azeotrope formed by 30% acetone, 47% chloroform, and 23% methanol, which boils at 57.5 °C. Each pair of these constituents forms a binary azeotrope, but chloroform/methanol and acetone/methanol both form positive azeotropes while chloroform/acetone forms a negative azeotrope.
In reversed phase chromatography, the most polar compounds elute first with the more nonpolar compounds eluting later. The mobile phase is generally a mixture of water and miscible polarity-modifying organic solvent, such as methanol, acetonitrile or THF. Retention increases as the fraction of the polar solvent (water) in the mobile phase is ...
Here is a similar formula from the 67th edition of the CRC handbook. Note that the form of this formula as given is a fit to the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, which is a good theoretical starting point for calculating saturation vapor pressures: