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Astigmatism may also occur following a cataract surgery or a corneal injury. [15] Contraction of the scar due to wound or cataract extraction causes astigmatism due to flattening of the cornea in one direction. [15] In keratoconus, progressive thinning and steepening of the cornea cause irregular astigmatism. [16]
Developed by Australian ophthalmologist Noel Alpins and introduced in 1993, the Alpins Method provides a coherent basis for reporting astigmatism results, and on this basis became the standard in the major ophthalmology journals, [9] [10] [11] and was accepted worldwide for studies that include refraction and corneal astigmatism measurements.
The Alpins Method employs the vector analytic approach to astigmatism analysis, involving an ophthalmic surgical analysis system, called ASSORT (Alpins Statistical System for Ophthalmic Refractive Surgery Techniques), designed to help plan and analyze the results of refractive, corneal, and cataract surgical procedures.
A toric IOL is a type of toric lens used to correct preexisting corneal astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery. [20] Astigmatism can also be treated with limbal relaxing incisions or an excimer laser procedure. [21] [22] About 40% of Americans have significant astigmatism and thus may be candidates for a toric IOL. [22]
Toric IOLs were introduced in 1992 and are used worldwide to correct corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery; [38] [1] they have been approved by the FDA since 1998. [41] Also in the late 1990s, optical biometry based on partial coherence infrared interferometry was introduced: this technique improves visual resolution, offers much greater ...
Limbal relaxing incisions (LRI) are a refractive surgical procedure to correct minor astigmatism in the eye. Incisions part way through the cornea are made at one side or at opposite edges of the cornea, following the curve of the iris, causing a slight flattening of the cornea in that area. [1]
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