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Idioblasts can contain biforine cells that form crystals. The chemicals are excreted by the plant and stored in liquid or crystalline form. In bundles they are known as druse and as crystals they can be of raphide [needle] form. When the end of an idioblast is broken the crystals or other substance is ejected by internal water pressure.
A subset of β-expansins has evolved a special role in grass pollen, where they are known as group 1 grass pollen allergens. [7] Plants also have a small set of expansin-like genes (named EXLA and EXLB) whose function has not been established. [8] Some proteins in bacteria and fungi are known to have distant sequence similarity to plant expansins.
The pineapple is an example of a CAM plant.. Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions [1] that allows a plant to photosynthesize during the day, but only exchange gases at night.
The acid-growth hypothesis is a theory that explains the expansion dynamics of cells and organs in plants. It was originally proposed by Achim Hager and Robert Cleland in 1971. [1] [2] They hypothesized that the naturally occurring plant hormone, auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA), induces H + proton extrusion into the apoplast.
Sunflower sea star regenerates its arms. Dwarf yellow-headed gecko with regenerating tail. Regeneration in biology is the process of renewal, restoration, and tissue growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage. [1]
Gravitropism is an integral part of plant growth, orienting its position to maximize contact with sunlight, as well as ensuring that the roots are growing in the correct direction. Growth due to gravitropism is mediated by changes in concentration of the plant hormone auxin within plant cells.
2. Shows an average plant with a moderate amount of gibberellins, and an average internode length. 3. Shows a plant with a large amount of gibberellins and so has a much longer internode length, because gibberellins promote cell division in the stem. Gibberellins are involved in the natural process of breaking dormancy and other aspects of ...
The best-known haptophytes are coccolithophores, which make up 673 of the 762 described haptophyte species, [9] and have an exoskeleton of calcareous plates called coccoliths. Coccolithophores are some of the most abundant marine phytoplankton , especially in the open ocean, and are extremely abundant as microfossils, forming chalk deposits.