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Topographic map of the Russian Empire in 1912 Map of the Russian Empire in 1745. By the end of the 19th century the area of the empire was about 22,400,000 square kilometers (8,600,000 sq mi), or almost one-sixth of the Earth's landmass; its only rival in size at the time was the British Empire. The majority of the population lived in European ...
The Pale of Settlement [a] was a western region of the Russian Empire with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 1917 (de facto until 1915) in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed and beyond which Jewish residency, permanent or temporary, [1] was mostly forbidden.
In 1871 the Prussian-ruled North German Confederation was united with the southern German states (except Austria; the so-called Lesser German Solution) to form the German Empire, the first modern German state.
The formal end to Tatar rule over Russia was the defeat of the Tatars at the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480. Ivan III (r. 1462–1505) and Vasili III (r. 1505–1533) had consolidated the centralized Russian state following the annexations of the Novgorod Republic in 1478, Tver in 1485, the Pskov Republic in 1510, Volokolamsk in 1513, Ryazan in 1521, and Novgorod-Seversk in 1522.
Russia in 1914 Demographics of pre-WW1 European countries. The central development in Russian foreign policy was to move away from Germany and toward France. Russia had never been friendly with France, and remembered the wars in the Crimean and the Napoleonic invasion; it saw Paris as a dangerous front of subversion and ridiculed the weak governments there.
1878: Austria occupies Bosnia-Herzegovina while Ottoman Empire is at war with Russia; 1878: Ottoman Empire wins main possessions in Europe; Treaty of Berlin recognising the independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro and the autonomy of Bulgaria; 1882: Korea signs equal treaties with the United States and others; 1884: France makes Vietnam a ...
The following is a list of the largest cities (over 25,000 inhabitants) in the Russian Empire according to the 1897 Russian Imperial Census. ... Old Marghelan:
The Russian Intelligentsia (Columbia University Press, 1961) Rawlinson, Henry, et al. Great Power Rivalry in Central Asia: 1842–1880. England and Russia in the East (Routledge, 2006) Riasanovsky, Nicholas, and Mark Steinberg. A History of Russia since 1855-Volume 2 (Oxford UP, 2010). Seton-Watson, Hugh. The Russian Empire, 1801–1917.