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A mushroom of this type in the Malheur National Forest in the Strawberry Mountains of eastern Oregon, was found to be the largest fungal colony in the world, spanning an area of 3.5 square miles (2,200 acres; 9.1 km 2). [2] [8] This organism is estimated to be some 8,000 years old [8] [18] and may weigh as much as 35,000 tons. [8]
Prototaxites / ˌ p r oʊ t oʊ ˈ t æ k s ɪ t iː z / is an extinct genus of terrestrial fungi dating from the Late Silurian until the Late Devonian periods. [1] [2] Prototaxites formed large trunk-like structures up to 1 metre (3 ft) wide, reaching 8 metres (26 ft) in length, [3] made up of interwoven tubes around 50 micrometres (0.0020 in) in diameter, making it by far the largest land ...
Armillaria mellea Armillaria hinnulea. The basidiocarp (reproductive structure) of the fungus is a mushroom that grows on wood, typically in small dense clumps or tufts. Their caps (mushroom tops) are typically yellow-brown, somewhat sticky to touch when moist, and, depending on age, may range in shape from conical to convex to depressed in the center.
The largest living fungus may be a honey fungus [25] of the species Armillaria ostoyae. [26] A mushroom of this type in the Malheur National Forest in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon, U.S. was found to be the largest fungal colony in the world, spanning 8.9 km 2 (2,200 acres) of area. [25] [27] This organism is estimated to be 2,400 years old.
England's early efforts at colonisation in the Americas met with mixed success. An attempt to establish a colony in Guiana in 1604 lasted only two years and failed in its main objective to find gold deposits. [24] Colonies on the Caribbean islands of St Lucia (1605) and Grenada (1609) rapidly folded. [25]
Unlike many other clonal "colonies", Pando's above-ground tree trunks remain connected to each other by a single massive subterranean root system. "Humongous Fungus", an individual of the clonal subterranean fungal species Armillaria solidipes in Oregon's Malheur National Forest, is thought to be between 2,000 and 8,500 years old.
Mycorrhizal associations have profoundly impacted the evolution of plant life on Earth ever since the initial adaptation of plant life to land. In evolutionary biology , mycorrhizal symbiosis has prompted inquiries into the possibility that symbiosis , not competition, is the main driver of evolution.
There is also a case for a fungal affinity for the enigmatic microfossil Ornatifilum. Since the fungi form a sister group to the animals, the two lineages must have diverged before the first animal lineages, which are known from fossils as early as the Ediacaran. [9] In contrast to plants and animals, the early fossil record of the fungi is meager.