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The bluegill, amongst a wide array of other fishes, [26] [27] exhibits the C-start escape response, which is generated by large neurons called Mauthner cells. [28] Mauthner cells operate as a command center for the escape response and respond quickly once the neural pathway has been activated by an initial stimulus. [ 28 ]
They also will readily consume human food scraps, most notably bread which is commonly used for bait. [15] The pumpkinseed sunfish has a terminal mouth, allowing it to open at the anterior end of the snout. [5] Pumpkinseed sunfish that live in waters with larger gastropods have larger mouths and associated jaw muscles to crack the shells. [16]
It is dark-colored dorsally and yellow-green ventrally. Unlike bluegill, the male has a cherry-red edge on its operculum; females have orange coloration in this area. The adult fish are between 20 and 24 cm (7.9 and 9.4 in) in length. Max length is 43.2 cm (17.0 in), compared to a maximum of about 40 cm (16 in) for the bluegill.
Spawning occurs in the spring when water temperatures are between 6.7 and 12.8 °C. Growth of fry is initiated at 6–10 °C, but is inactive below 5.3 °C. Larval yellow perch survival is based on a variety of factors, such as wind speed, turbidity, food availability, and food composition.
The pumpkinseed x bluegill sunfish [1] (Lepomis gibbosus x macrochirus), sometimes colloquially referred to as hybrid sunfish or pumpkingill, [citation needed] is a hybrid between a pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) and a bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). [2] They are sometimes found in lakes and ponds where both parent species are present. [2]
The spotted gar is a voracious predator. Its sharp-toothed beak is very effective at catching fast moving prey. A diet study of the spotted gar reported the diet of a spotted gar consists of four species of fish; golden topminnow, warmouth, bluegill, and spotted sunfish, which adds to 18.1% of total food volume in the stomach, while 57.5% of the stomach content was shrimp. [5]
In this list of birds by common name 11,278 extant and recently extinct (since 1500) bird species are recognised. [1] Species marked with a "†" are extinct. Contents
Other sunfish species and larger predatory fishes compete with the longear for food and resources. Longear sunfish, like additional members of the family Centrarchidae, are freshwater fish . They prefer streams with a firm clay bottom or gravel with clear waters and they typically stay nearby aquatic vegetation . [ 7 ]