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Iraqi Arabs are the largest ethnic group in Iraq, [2] followed by Iraqi Kurds, then Iraqi Turkmen as the third largest ethnic group in the country. [3] [4] Studies indicate that Mesopotamian Arabs, who make up the overwhelming majority of Iraq's population, are genetically distinct from other Arab populations in the Arabs of the Arabian ...
Under the Ba'athist regime, an estimated 1.2 million people were internally displaced as a result of factors that include the Iran–Iraq War and policies of forced displacement that were intended to quell resistance and consolidate the control of territory, particularly in the Kurdish northern and Shiite southern area.
In 1977–78, in response to the 1975 Algiers Agreement, Iraq began clearing swaths of land along its northern border with Iran. During the first waves of clearances, residents were given five days to leave their homes and as many as 500 villages were then destroyed, mostly in the As Sulaymaniyah Governorate .
Democracy in Iraq is a fledgling process, but Iraq achieved a more democratic approach than most surrounding countries. [1] [2] Iraq has a score of 3.51 of ten on the 2021 The Economist Democracy Index, which is considered authoritarian. Iraq scored 0.362 on the V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index in 2023, ranking 3rd in the Middle East and 115th ...
The mostly uncoordinated insurgency was fueled by the perception that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein had become vulnerable to regime change. This perception of weakness was largely the result of the outcome of the Iran–Iraq War and the Gulf War, both of which occurred within a single decade and devastated the population and economy of Iraq. [8]
The new regime modernized the countryside and rural areas of Iraq, mechanizing agriculture and establishing farm cooperatives. [ 9 ] Saddam's organizational prowess was credited with Iraq's rapid pace of development in the 1970s; development went forward at such a fevered pitch that two million persons from other Arab countries and even ...
The regime emerged as a result of the 17 July 1968 Revolution which brought the Ba'athists to power, and lasted until the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq. From the period of Saddam Hussein's presidency in 1979 until the collapse of the Ba'athist period and subsequent de-Ba'athification in 2003, this period was known as the Saddam regime or Saddamist ...
Regime change may occur through domestic processes, such as revolution, coup, or reconstruction of government following state failure or civil war. [1] It can also be imposed on a country by foreign actors through invasion, overt or covert interventions, or coercive diplomacy. [2] [3] Regime change may entail the construction of new ...