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For younger adults with dysthymia, there is a higher co-occurrence in personality abnormalities and the symptoms are likely chronic. [28] [citation needed] However, in older adults with dysthymia, the psychological symptoms are associated with medical conditions and/or stressful life events and losses. [29]
Research on pharmaceutical treatment of double depression in particular is sparse. Certain medications, such as fluoxetine, were found in numerous studies to be effective at reducing symptom severity; however, these studies involved open-label trials, double-blind randomized trials that lack placebo conditions, and small sample sizes.
Interpersonal therapy has been studied as a treatment for elderly people with depression. Older adults have been found to work effectively towards their goals in treatment due to the natural conversational style of IPT. In one particular study that assessed IPT’s efficacy in treating late-life depression, 78% of older adults experienced full ...
A meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of psychotherapy for depression across ages from younger than 13 years to older than 75 years. It summarizes results from 366 trials included 36,702 patients. It found that the best results were for young adults, with an average effect size of g=.98 (95% CI, 0.79–1.16). [10]
The treatment of dysthymia is largely the same as for major depression, including antidepressant medications and psychotherapy. [8] Double depression can be defined as a fairly depressed mood (dysthymia) that lasts for at least two years and is punctuated by periods of major depression. [27]
Late-life depression refers to depression occurring in older adults and has diverse presentations, including as a recurrence of early-onset depression, a new diagnosis of late-onset depression, and a mood disorder resulting from a separate medical condition, substance use, or medication regimen. [1]
[7] Research also supports that atypical depression tends to have an earlier onset, with teenagers and young adults more likely to exhibit atypical depression than older patients. [2] Patients with atypical depression have shown to have higher rates of neglect and abuse in their childhood as well as alcohol and drug disorders in their family. [10]
Amisulpride is approved and used at low doses in the treatment of dysthymia and major depressive disorder. [10] [20] [11] [21] [22] [23] Whereas typical doses used in schizophrenia block postsynaptic dopamine D 2-like receptors and reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission, low doses of amisulpride preferentially block presynaptic dopamine D 2 and D 3 autoreceptors and thereby disinhibit dopamine ...