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An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. [1] Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environments and are an example of an ecotone .
Model of Estuary. The residence time of water is a key variable determining the health of an estuary, particularly from human-induced stresses.Rapid flushing ensures that there is insufficient time for sediment accumulation or dissolved oxygen depletion in the estuary; thus a well flushed estuary is intrinsically more robust than a poorly flushed estuary. [1]
A marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area.
Wave-dominated estuary - Wave energy [5] - good example Peel Inlet Western Australia and Lake Illawarra NSW. Tidal flat/creek - Tide energy [ 6 ] Good enough Bay (WA) and Moonlight Creek (QLD) Strandplain (and coastal lagoons) - Wave energy [ 7 ] - good example coastal lagoon Irwin Inlet WA, strandplain Mooball Creek NSW.
An estuary can be defined according to different criteria (e.g. tidal, geographical, navigational or in terms of salinity). For this reason the limits of the Thames Estuary have been defined differently at different times and for different purposes.
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A BEB adjacent to Crissy Field, San Francisco, facing the Golden Gate Bridge and Marin Headlands.. Beaches in estuaries and bays (BEBs) refer to beaches that exist inside estuaries or bays and therefore are partially or fully sheltered from ocean wind waves, [1] [2] which are a typical source of energy to build beaches.
Estuary freshwater inflow is the freshwater that flows into an estuary. Other types of environmental flows include instream flow , the freshwater water flowing in rivers or streams, and estuary outflow , the outflow from an estuary to the ocean .