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The 1997 El Niño observed by TOPEX/Poseidon.The white areas off the tropical coasts of South and North America indicate the pool of warm water. In January 1997, probes gathering information on deep water temperatures discovered an area of unusually warm water, centered around 150 meters depth, across the western half of the Pacific Ocean.
The mean monthly temperature is 24 °C (75 °F) and the average monthly variation is 7.2 °C (13.0 °F). The daily average maximum temperature is 30 °C (86 °F) from February to April. The daily average minimum temperature is 18 °C (64 °F) in September. There are 2343 sunshine hours in an average year. [15]
A satellite map of chlorophyll and phytoplankton concentration (top) paired with a map of oceanic surface temperatures at the same time (bottom). The thriving populations represented by green and yellow in the upper map correlate to areas of higher surface temperatures represented by yellow in the lower map (2 March 2009).
The ocean temperature plays a crucial role in the global climate system, ocean currents and for marine habitats. It varies depending on depth, geographical location and season. Not only does the temperature differ in seawater, so does the salinity. Warm surface water is generally saltier than the cooler deep or polar waters. [1]
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An especially strong Walker circulation causes La Niña, which is considered to be the cold oceanic and positive atmospheric phase of the broader El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) weather phenomenon, as well as the opposite of El Niño weather pattern, [19] where sea surface temperature across the eastern equatorial part of the central ...
A wet-bulb temperature at 500 hPa in a tropical atmosphere of −13.2 °C (8.2 °F) is required to initiate convection if the water temperature is 26.5 °C (79.7 °F), and this temperature requirement increases or decreases proportionally by 1 °C in the sea surface temperature for each 1 °C change at 500 hpa.
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