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  2. Absolute value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_value

    The term absolute value has been used in this sense from at least 1806 in French [3] and 1857 in English. [4] The notation | x |, with a vertical bar on each side, was introduced by Karl Weierstrass in 1841. [5] Other names for absolute value include numerical value [1] and magnitude. [1]

  3. Ostrowski's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrowski's_theorem

    The real absolute value on the rationals is the standard absolute value on the reals, defined to be | | := {, < This is sometimes ... 12 languages ...

  4. Absolute value (algebra) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_value_(algebra)

    The standard absolute value on the integers. The standard absolute value on the complex numbers.; The p-adic absolute value on the rational numbers.; If R is the field of rational functions over a field F and () is a fixed irreducible polynomial over F, then the following defines an absolute value on R: for () in R define | | to be , where () = () and ((), ()) = = ((), ()).

  5. p-adic valuation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-adic_valuation

    The p-adic valuation is a valuation and gives rise to an analogue of the usual absolute value. Whereas the completion of the rational numbers with respect to the usual absolute value results in the real numbers R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } , the completion of the rational numbers with respect to the p {\displaystyle p} -adic absolute value ...

  6. Folded normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folded_normal_distribution

    The distribution is called "folded" because probability mass to the left of x = 0 is folded over by taking the absolute value. ... 12 (4): 236 – 238. doi:10.1080 ...

  7. Magnitude (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(mathematics)

    The absolute value of a real number r is defined by: [4] | | =, | | =, < Absolute value may also be thought of as the number's distance from zero on the real number line. For example, the absolute value of both 70 and −70 is 70.

  8. Complex number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number

    This allows to define the absolute value (or modulus or magnitude) of z to be the square root [12] | | = +. By Pythagoras' theorem, | | is the distance from the origin to the point representing the complex number z in the complex plane.

  9. Absolute number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_number

    Absolute difference, the absolute value of the difference of two real numbers Absolute pseudoprime , a class of pseudoprimes that come from Fermat's little theorem Absolute scale , system of measurement that begins at a zero point and progresses in only one direction