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  2. Arthus reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthus_reaction

    If the individual has circulating antibody either from passive immunity or because of prior encounter with the antigen, an Arthus reaction may occur. Typical of most mechanisms of the type III hypersensitivity , Arthus manifests as local vasculitis due to deposition of IgG-based immune complexes in dermal blood vessels.

  3. Type III hypersensitivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_III_hypersensitivity

    Type III hypersensitivity, in the Gell and Coombs classification of allergic reactions, occurs when there is accumulation of immune complexes (antigen-antibody complexes) that have not been adequately cleared by innate immune cells, giving rise to an inflammatory response and attraction of leukocytes.

  4. Hypersensitivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity

    The antigens may be for example glycoproteins on the cell membrane of erythrocytes that are key molecules that determine blood types. Depending on the chemical nature of the antigens, blood types have different levels of hypersensitivity; for instance, A and B are more antigenic than other antigens. [10] Type II hypersensitivity

  5. Antigen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen

    An illustration that shows how antigens induce the immune system response by interacting with an antibody that matches the molecular structure of an antigen. In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. [1]

  6. Immune system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system

    In contrast, the B cell antigen-specific receptor is an antibody molecule on the B cell surface and recognizes native (unprocessed) antigen without any need for antigen processing. Such antigens may be large molecules found on the surfaces of pathogens, but can also be small haptens (such as penicillin) attached to carrier molecule. [60]

  7. Macrophage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage

    For example, they are important as antigen presenters to T cells. In humans, dysfunctional macrophages cause severe diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease that result in frequent infections. Beyond increasing inflammation and stimulating the immune system, macrophages also play an important anti-inflammatory role and can decrease immune ...

  8. Antigen-antibody interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen-antibody_interaction

    The antigens and antibodies combine by a process called agglutination. It is the fundamental reaction in the body by which the body is protected from complex foreign molecules, such as pathogens and their chemical toxins. In the blood, the antigens are specifically and with high affinity bound by antibodies to form an antigen-antibody complex.

  9. Phagocyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagocyte

    TNF-α is an important chemical that is released by macrophages that causes the blood in small vessels to clot to prevent an infection from spreading. [132] If a bacterial infection spreads to the blood, TNF-α is released into vital organs, which can cause vasodilation and a decrease in plasma volume; these in turn can be followed by septic ...