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Bimatoprost is a structural analog of prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α). Like other PGF 2α analogs such as travoprost, latanoprost and tafluprost, it increases the outflow of aqueous fluid from the eye and lowers intraocular pressure.
Latanoprost, sold under the brand name Xalatan among others, is a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure). [5] This includes ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma. [5] Latanaprost is applied as eye drops to the eyes. [5] Onset of effects is usually within four hours, and they last for up to a day. [5]
Latanoprost: Xalatan: Increased USO (uveoscleral outflow ) Once daily: 25-32%: pigmentation of eyelashes, eyelid skin pigmentation, hyperemia (red eye), flu-like symptoms (joint/muscle pain and headache) Bimatoprost: Lumigan: Increased USO (uveoscleral outflow ) Once daily
Side effects in less than 10% of people include other eye problems such as itching, foreign body sensation or dry eye, as headache or hyperpigmentation (darkening) of the skin around the eye. [4] Hyperpigmentation is an adverse effect of bimatoprost, [5] while the others are fairly common for eye drops in general.
This work led to the development of prodrugs of PGF2α, including latanoprost, an isopropyl analogue of PGF2α, approved by the FDA in 1996, bimatoprost and travoprost, both approved in 2001, and tafluprost, approved in 2012. [1]
Netarsudil/latanoprost, sold under the brand name Rocklatan among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication use to treat elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in people with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. [1] [2] It contains netarsudil mesylate and latanoprost. [1] [2] It is applied as eye drops to the eyes. [1] [2]
Latanoprostene bunod, sold under the brand name Vyzulta, is an ophthalmic medication used for the reduction of intraocular pressure in people with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. [2] [3] It targets the trabecular meshwork directly. [3] It is a prostaglandin analog. [2]
Eye drop formulations often include different combinations of beta-blockers, prostaglandin analogs (for example, latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost), diuretics, and alpha-agonists. [4] How much a drug lowers intraocular pressure can vary depending on whether the level of the drug is highest (at peak) or lowest (at trough) in a person's body.