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A graphical or bar scale. A map would also usually give its scale numerically ("1:50,000", for instance, means that one cm on the map represents 50,000cm of real space, which is 500 meters) A bar scale with the nominal scale expressed as "1:600 000", meaning 1 cm on the map corresponds to 600,000 cm=6 km on the ground.
In each zone the scale factor of the central meridian reduces the diameter of the transverse cylinder to produce a secant projection with two standard lines, or lines of true scale, about 180 km on each side of, and about parallel to, the central meridian (Arc cos 0.9996 = 1.62° at the Equator). The scale is less than 1 inside the standard ...
A major factor enabling this diversity is an unusually high diversity of soils. ... Texas county map with five interpretations of the Big ... Hardin Co. Texas; 30 ...
A typical value of the scale factor is k 0 = 0.9996 so that k = 1 when x is approximately 180 km. When x is approximately 255 km and k 0 = 1.0004: the scale factor is within 0.04% of unity over a strip of about 510 km wide.
at latitude 30° the scale factor is k = sec 30° ≈ 1.15, at latitude 45° the scale factor is k = sec 45° ≈ 1.41, at latitude 60° the scale factor is k = sec 60° = 2, at latitude 80° the scale factor is k = sec 80° ≈ 5.76, at latitude 85° the scale factor is k = sec 85° ≈ 11.5
This gives the map two standard parallels. In this way, deviation from unit scale can be minimized within a region of interest that lies largely between the two standard parallels. Unlike other conic projections, no true secant form of the projection exists because using a secant cone does not yield the same scale along both standard parallels. [2]
Tissot's indicatrices illustrate linear, angular, and areal distortions of maps: A map distorts distances (linear distortion) wherever the quotient between the lengths of an infinitesimally short line as projected onto the projection surface, and as it originally is on the Earth model, deviates from 1. The quotient is called the scale factor.
The U.S. state of Texas is divided into 254 counties, more than any other U.S. state. [1] While only about 20% of Texas counties are generally located within the Houston—Dallas—San Antonio—Austin areas, they serve a majority of the state's population with approximately 22,000,000 inhabitants.