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The basic time periods from which the calendar is constructed are the Martian solar day (sometimes called a sol) and the Martian vernal equinox year.The sol is 39 minutes 35.244 seconds longer than the Terrestrial solar day, and the Martian vernal equinox year is 668.5907 sols in length (which corresponds to 686.9711 days on Earth).
The pattern of seven-day weeks repeats over a two-year cycle, i.e., the calendar year always begins on a Sunday in odd-numbered years, thus effecting a perpetual calendar for Mars. [ 25 ] Whereas previous proposals for a Martian calendar had not included an epoch, American astronomer I. M. Levitt developed a more complete system in 1954.
A Martian year is approximately 668.6 sols, equivalent to approximately 687 Earth days [1] or 1.88 Earth years. The sol was adopted in 1976 during the Viking Lander missions and is a measure of time mainly used by NASA when, for example, scheduling the use of a Mars rover .
Mars Year 1 is the first year of Martian timekeeping standard developed by Clancy et al. originally for the purposes of working with the cyclical temporal variations of meteorological phenomena of Mars, but later used for general timekeeping on Mars. Mars Years have no officially adopted month systems.
Curiosity rover on Mars (5 August 2015). The Mars Science Laboratory and its rover, Curiosity, were launched from Earth on 26 November 2011. As of November 24, 2024, Curiosity has been on the planet Mars for 4373 sols (4493 total days; 12 years, 110 days) since landing on 6 August 2012.
A mission could have a period of 365 days in a year, a few weeks each month, [6] a few weeks every 26 months (e.g. Mars launch periods), [7] or a short period time that won't be repeated. A launch window indicates the time frame on a given day in the launch period that the rocket can launch to reach its intended orbit.
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Long format: d mmmm yyyy or mmmm dd, yyyy (Day first, full month name, and year or first full month name, day, and year, in left-to-right writing direction) in Afar, French and Somali and yyyy ŘŚmmmm d (Day first, full month name, and year in right-to-left writing direction) in Arabic Dominica: No: Yes: No Dominican Republic: No: Yes: No [52 ...